Universal Units
The 5 most common dimensions and SI units are reintroduced in the beginning of chapter 8. In chapter 7 it stated that is was very important to remember these 5 most common dimensions and SI units. I also recall from that chapter that the units are named after engineers that have died. The following chart underlines the 5 common dimensions and SI units.
Force can be recognized by Newton's second law: F=M*A, M being Mass, and A being Acceleration. But a more technically it is the energy output of a physical action. The SI unit of force is called a newton [N]. A newton is defined as the force it takes to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one meter per second squared. The AES system uses pound-force, the amount force it takes to accelerate a mass of one pound-mass at the rate of 32.2 feet per second squared.
Mass is a measure of how much of an object exists. The amount of matter than an object contains is the overall mass of the object. However, the weight of an object is the force of an object applied to the acceleration of gravity.
Density is the mass of an object divided by the volume if the same object. Density is the mass per unit volume of an object. Specific Weight can be identified as the weight of an object divided by the volume of the same object.
Specific Gravity is the dimensionless ratio of the density of the object to the density of water. It is better to use density in this fashion so that more units can be applied by our choice of the units of the density of water.
The amount in grams is the mass of an object, where the amount in moles is the quantity of something. A mole is expressed by 6.022 X 10^23. Meaning that if you have a mole you have 6.022 X 10^23 of that item. Avogadro's Number acts as a conversion factor between the mass and the amount of moles of an object.
The four different temperature scales are Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin, and Rankine. These four scales are named after the people who created the scales. The most used scales out of these four are the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales. Gabriel Fahrenheit, and Anders Celsius were the creators of the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales. The other two scales are the lesser used scales, Kelvin, which was created by First Baron William Thomson Kelvin, and Rankine, which was created by William J.M. Rankine. Kelvin proposed an idea of "infinite cold" using the Celsius scale. While Rankine who proposed using the Fahrenheit scale instead of the Celsius scale.
Pressure is defined as force acting over an area , defined by a Pascal [Pa]. Atmospheric Pressure is the pressure created by the weight of the air above us. It is referred to as one atmosphere [atm], and is about equal to 14.7 psi. Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted on a submerged object by the fluid in which it is immersed. This can be found by using Pascal's Law which states that the hydrostatic pressure is equal to the force of the fluid acting over an area. Total Pressure is the combination of both atmospheric pressure and hydrostatic pressure. Gas Pressure is the pressure created by a gas inside a container, PV = nRT (Ideal Gas Law). Pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), amount of gas (n), and the gas constant (R).
The Ideal Gas Law determines ideal gases. An Ideal Gas is where one mole of that gas at 273 kelvins with a pressure of one atmosphere will occupy a volume of 22.4 liters.
The amount in grams is the mass of an object, where the amount in moles is the quantity of something. A mole is expressed by 6.022 X 10^23. Meaning that if you have a mole you have 6.022 X 10^23 of that item. Avogadro's Number acts as a conversion factor between the mass and the amount of moles of an object.
The four different temperature scales are Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin, and Rankine. These four scales are named after the people who created the scales. The most used scales out of these four are the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales. Gabriel Fahrenheit, and Anders Celsius were the creators of the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales. The other two scales are the lesser used scales, Kelvin, which was created by First Baron William Thomson Kelvin, and Rankine, which was created by William J.M. Rankine. Kelvin proposed an idea of "infinite cold" using the Celsius scale. While Rankine who proposed using the Fahrenheit scale instead of the Celsius scale.
Pressure is defined as force acting over an area , defined by a Pascal [Pa]. Atmospheric Pressure is the pressure created by the weight of the air above us. It is referred to as one atmosphere [atm], and is about equal to 14.7 psi. Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted on a submerged object by the fluid in which it is immersed. This can be found by using Pascal's Law which states that the hydrostatic pressure is equal to the force of the fluid acting over an area. Total Pressure is the combination of both atmospheric pressure and hydrostatic pressure. Gas Pressure is the pressure created by a gas inside a container, PV = nRT (Ideal Gas Law). Pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), amount of gas (n), and the gas constant (R).
The Ideal Gas Law determines ideal gases. An Ideal Gas is where one mole of that gas at 273 kelvins with a pressure of one atmosphere will occupy a volume of 22.4 liters.
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